FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF METALWORKING CRAFTS IN THE KHIVA KHANATE: BASED ON SOURCE ANALYSIS FROM THE 16TH TO 19TH CENTURIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69691/9tjnev97Keywords:
Khiva Khanate, metalworking, arms production, jewelry, historical sources, Russian embassies, craft. history.Abstract
This article analyzes the development of metalworking crafts in the Khiva Khanate from the 16th to the 19th century, including blacksmithing, arms manufacturing, casting, jewelry, and ornamentation. Drawing from local archival materials and Russian and European diplomatic and travel accounts, the study examines the types of metal goods produced, their artistic characteristics, export potential, and their significance in the military, economic, and cultural life of the khanate. Special attention is given to weapon production, ceremonial gifts to rulers, and the symbolic use of gold and silver in royal thrones and crowns, revealing the maturity of these crafts across various cities of Khorezm.
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